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Defending Substitution: An Essay on Atonement in Paul is unavailable, but you can change that!

In recent decades, the church and academy have witnessed intense debates concerning the concept of penal substitution to describe Christ’s atoning sacrifice. A number of theologians, New Testament scholars, and authors of popular Christian literature have taken issue with the concept, claiming that it promotes bloody violence, glorifies suffering and death, and inevitably amounts to divine child...

our account. And in the final statement, similarly, Christ’s bearing of our sins means that we do not bear them. We can also consider the rather more prosaic statements of Letham and Barth: Christ himself willingly submitted to the just penalty which we deserved, receiving it on our behalf and in our place so that we will not have to bear it ourselves.7 In his doing this for us, in his taking to himself—to fulfil all righteousness—our accusation and condemnation and punishment, in his suffering in
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